从武汉抗疫看中医药文化认同与新的医学模式

从武汉抗疫中医药的投入使用情况,反思现代临床和国人所呈现出的中医药文化认同和就医习惯,探索其历史文化根源及社会因素与医学发展的内在关联。回顾历史,中医屡次临危受命,不负重托,如今大疫当前,中医药再次发挥了重要作用。故新时代探讨如何遵循中医药发展规律,传承精华、守正创新,坚持中医药原创优势,形成中医药学科优势整体化呈现的新模式医学,对提升全社会的中医药认知度具有重要意义。     

周亚滨教授运用六经辨证治疗心病证治经验

周亚滨教授从“伤寒最多心病”立意,通过总结《伤寒论》一书对于心病的脉证及遣方用药,指出六经辨证体系对于心病证治具有指导意义。六经辨证是涵盖了八纲以及脏腑经络辨证的学说,能够指导着脏腑经络生理、病理变化的辨证论治。文章整理周亚滨教授在基于六经病证分论的基础上,临证上运用六经辨证思维论治心病的辨证经验,用药上可概括以和、温、补、清、下法为多。     

The emerging role of ultrasound in detecting interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

ObjectiveTo investigate the potential role of US in the detection of ILD in a cohort of patients with RA.MethodsPatients with diagnosis of RA were consecutively enrolled. All patients underwent pulmonary examination, laboratory data, DLCO measure, chest HRCT and radiographs, and US examination. A healthy group was included as control group. US was performed according the 14-intercostal space scanning protocol using the following semiquantitative scale [0 = normal (≤ 5 B-lines); 1 = slight (≥ 6 and ≤ 15 B-lines); 2 = moderate, (≤ 16 and ≥ 30 B-lines); 3 = severe (≥ 30 B-lines)].ResultsA total of 74 RA patients and 74 healthy controls were included. Thirty of 74 patients (40.5%) showed US signs of ILD with respect to the healthy controls (3 subjects, 4.1%) (P < 0.001); whereas HRCT showed ILD in 27 (36.4%) of 74 patients. Among the 30 patients that showed US findings of ILD, 17 (56.6%) were asymptomatic from respiratory view-point. The sensitivity and specificity of US were 92% and 89% respectively. A positive correlation between US and HRCT findings were found (P < 0.001) whereas no correlation was found with chest radiographs and DLCO findings. Positive association between US findings and DAS28-ESR, anti-CCP and RF (P < 0.01 for each respectively) was found. Feasibility, represented by the mean time spent to perform the pulmonary US assessment was 7.8 minutes (± SD 1.2, range 6 to 10 minutes).ConclusionsOur results support the potential of US in detect accurately ILD in patients with RA and provide a rationale to consider it as a friendly screening tool to be implemented in early phases of the disease.     

Interstitial lung diseases in children

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) in children (chILD) is a heterogeneous group of rare respiratory disorders that are mostly chronic and associated with high morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of the various chILD is complex and the diseases share common features of inflammatory and fibrotic changes of the lung parenchyma that impair gas exchanges. The etiologies of chILD are numerous. In this review, we chose to classify them as ILD related to exposure/environment insults, ILD related to systemic and immunological diseases, ILD related to primary lung parenchyma dysfunctions and ILD specific to infancy. A growing part of the etiologic spectrum of chILD is being attributed to molecular defects. Currently, the main genetic mutations associated with chILD are identified in the surfactant genes SFTPA1, SFTPA2, SFTPB, SFTPC, ABCA3 and NKX2-1. Other genetic contributors include mutations in MARS, CSF2RA and CSF2RB in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, and mutations in TMEM173 and COPA in specific auto-inflammatory forms of chILD. However, only few genotype-phenotype correlations could be identified so far. Herein, information is provided about the clinical presentation and the diagnosis approach of chILD. Despite improvements in patient management, the therapeutic strategies are still relying mostly on corticosteroids although specific therapies are emerging. Larger longitudinal cohorts of patients are being gathered through ongoing international collaborations to improve disease knowledge and targeted therapies. Thus, it is expected that children with ILD will be able to reach the adulthood transition in a better condition.     

某肝病专科医院住院患者肝病疾病谱变化趋势分析

采用SPSS21.0版本统计软件对近10年来收治的所有肝病患者疾病谱特征及比例变化趋势进行分析,结果显示从进展程度来看,肝硬化及肝癌略有上升趋势;肝病的主要病因中,病毒性肝炎比例最高但呈下降趋势,药物性肝损伤及酒精性肝病呈明显上升趋势;病毒性肝炎患者中,乙型肝炎呈下降趋势但仍占大多数,丙型肝炎呈明显上升趋势;非感染性肝病呈现高发态势,应引起关注和重视。     

COVID-19, SARS and MERS: A neurological perspective

Central to COVID-19 pathophysiology is an acute respiratory infection primarily manifesting as pneumonia. Two months into the COVID-19 outbreak, however, a retrospective study in China involving more than 200 participants revealed a neurological component to COVID-19 in a subset of patients. The observed symptoms, the cause of which remains unclear, included impaired consciousness, skeletal muscle injury and acute cerebrovascular disease, and appeared more frequently in severe disease. Since then, findings from several studies have hinted at various possible neurological outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Here, we review the historical association between neurological complications and highly pathological coronaviruses including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. We draw from evidence derived from past coronavirus outbreaks, noting the similarities and differences between SARS and MERS, and the current COVID-19 pandemic. We end by briefly discussing possible mechanisms by which the coronavirus impacts on the human nervous system, as well as neurology-specific considerations that arise from the repercussions of COVID-19.     

无症状WHOⅡ级脑胶质瘤的疾病特征和术后生存分析

目的分析无症状世界卫生组织(WHO)分级Ⅱ级脑胶质瘤的疾病特征和术后生存情况。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2016年12月郑州大学第一附属医院神经外科手术治疗的271例WHOⅡ级脑胶质瘤患者的临床资料。将其分为无症状组(34例)和有症状组(237例)。对比分析两组患者疾病特征和预后的差异。多因素Cox回归分析方法分析影响预后的危险因素。结果与有症状组比较,无症状组肿瘤侵犯功能区的比率较低[分别为58.2%(138/237)、38.2%(13/34),P=0.041],年龄、性别、组织学类型、异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDH)和端粒酶逆转录酶启动子(TERTp)是否突变、1p/19q是否共缺失,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。无症状组和有症状组术后肿瘤的全切除率分别为94.1%(32/34)、78.5%(186/237),行放疗的比率分别为97.1%(33/34)、78.5%(186/237),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。所有患者的随访时间为1.1~86.0个月(中位数为43.0个月),无症状组和有症状组的复发率分别为8.8%(3/34)、27.4%(65/237),中位生存期分别为45.5(28.5~80.0)个月、43.0(1.1~86.0)个月,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,随访期无症状组的总体生存率和无进展生存率均高于有症状组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,侵犯功能区(HR=2.048,95%CI:1.017~4.125,P=0.045)和复发(HR=0.009,95%CI:0.002~0.038,P<0.001)是患者术后生存的独立危险因素。而有、无症状不是术后生存的独立影响因素(HR=1.570,95%CI:0.200~12.346,P=0.668)。结论无症状与有症状WHOⅡ级脑胶质瘤患者比较,肿瘤位于功能区的比率和术后复发率低,术后患者的生存期更长,病理学特征无明显差异。     

经Ⅰ期造瘘口单部位腹腔镜辅助Martin-Duhamel术在全结肠型巨结肠症治疗中的应用

目的探讨经Ⅰ期造瘘口单部位腹腔镜辅助Martin-Duhamel术在先天性全结肠型巨结肠症患儿治疗中的应用价值,并对患儿术后排便功能进行评价。方法回顾性分析2014年6月至2017年6月间河北医科大学第二医院小儿外科收治的15例先天性全结肠型巨结肠症患儿的诊治及术后随访资料,其中男11例,女4例,月龄(5.11±2.67)个月,所有患儿Ⅰ期行回肠末端造瘘术,Ⅱ期行腹腔镜辅助Martin-Duhamel手术。术后随访2年,采用李正肛门功能临床评分法进行排便功能评分。定期肛管直肠测压,记录和比较患儿排便频率、性状及近远期并发症情况。结果15例均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹和死亡病例。手术时间(184.43±30.46)min,出血量(27.57±10.63)mL,肠功能恢复时间(3.29±0.91)d,术后住院时间(7.86±1.77)d。术后1~3个月排便频率为8~20次/日,术后6~9个月排便频率为4~8次/日,术后1~2年排便频率为2~4次/日(接近正常水平)。术后3个月和术后6个月排便评分无显著性差异(P=0.115),术后6个月和术后1年排便评分有显著性差异(P=0.040),术后1年和术后2年排便评分无显著性差异(P=0.542)。肛管直肠测压从术后6个月开始逐渐恢复至正常范围,与术前比较有显著性差异(肛管反射舒张压P=0.027;肛管静息压P=0.010;直肠静息压P=0.034)。术后6个月内因排便次数多致肛周湿疹、皮肤破溃6例,予以造口粉、氧化锌或芦荟软膏涂抹后恢复;小肠结肠炎1例,经保守治疗后缓解;无便秘等其他并发症发生。结论经Ⅰ期造瘘口单部位腹腔镜辅助Martin-Duhamel术治疗全结肠型巨结肠症患儿安全可行;排便功能可在术后6个月至1年逐渐恢复至接近正常儿童的水平。     

Recent progress on the diagnosis of 2019 Novel Coronavirus

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has become a global pandemic. Therefore, convenient, timely and accurate detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 is urgently needed. Here, we review the types, characteristics and shortcomings of various detection methods, as well as perspectives for the SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis. Clinically, nucleic acid‐based methods are sensitive but prone to false‐positive. The antibody‐based method has slightly lower sensitivity but higher accuracy. Therefore, it is suggested to combine the two methods to improve the detection accuracy of COVID‐19.